Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and German Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced more than 30 commercial documents worth about $2 billion during talks in Berlin, Akorda reported on Sept. 29. In 2025, Kazakhstan was Germany's fourth-largest crude supplier, accounting for nearly 14% of German oil imports, and fed eastern Germany's Schwedt refinery via the Druzhba pipeline until Russia suspended transit in May.