The U.S. National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, and FBI issued a joint Cybersecurity Advisory on Sep. 8, accusing six Chinese artificial intelligence companies of carrying out industrial-scale distillation of U.S. AI models. The most significant accusations were levied against DeepSeek, Moonshot and Alibaba, though some accusations were levied against Z.ai, MiniMax and StepFun.