New U.S. intelligence assessments concluded that Russian President Vladimir Putin could try to test NATO between fall 2026 and 2029 through actions ranging from cyberattacks and covert operations to a limited land incursion, The Wall Street Journal reported on Aug. 6. The assessment marks a shift from previous U.S. judgments that Moscow would avoid deliberately provoking NATO while the war in Ukraine continues, although officials still assess a land incursion as unlikely.