The Rwanda-backed M23 rebel movement has increased its total manpower to around 30,000 troops in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, while Rwanda has deployed 14,000 and 18,000 more military personnel to the area, Bloomberg reported June 30, citing U.N. findings. According to the United Nations, M23 has consolidated its parallel administration in controlled territories by strengthening its hold over the local fiscal system, public utilities and financial services. Meanwhile, the Congolese military continues to operate with the extremist FDLR rebel group in the region.

Under their 2025 peace agreement, Congo and Rwanda pledged, respectively, to neutralize the FDLR and "lift defensive measures" in eastern Congo, which, in Rwanda's case, amounts to a troop withdrawal. Previous estimates from early 2025 put Rwanda's troop deployment in eastern Congo at 7,000.