Germany and Poland signed a new bilateral defense cooperation agreement in Warsaw on June 17 focused on cooperation in the Baltic Sea, infrastructure and cybersecurity, a joint press release indicates. The deal's scope was reportedly narrowed amid concerns about a possible veto by Polish President Karol Nawrocki, stopping short of mutual security guarantees beyond existing NATO and EU commitments.

The agreements coincide with the 35th anniversary of the 1991 Treaty of Good Neighbourship, which reset bilateral ties after the Cold War. Bilateral relations have improved since Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine and the return of a liberal, pro-EU government in Poland in 2023. The deal extends a wave of European defense pacts driven by uncertainty over U.S. commitment to the Continent as Washington weighs a troop drawdown. Poland has recently signed agreements with France, Sweden, South Korea, Canada and the United Kingdom, while Germany has concluded its own accords with Norway, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.