China on April 7 released regulations on the "security of industrial and supply chains," effective immediately, that outline an early warning system for industrial and supply chain security threats, the creation of reserves for key goods and emergency measures to mobilize reserves and supply chains. The regulations also outline probes against foreign nations that threaten supply chain security, with potential retaliation against organizations and individuals that may include import and export curbs, fees, restrictions on entry or exit from and transport within China, and curbs on cross-border exchanges of data or personal information.

Since the first trade war with the United States in 2017-20, China has been steadily building out its legal frameworks for retaliation against foreign trade restrictions, which help streamline Chinese administration and serve as foreign deterrence signals. However, they do not give Beijing new abilities, given that China is a rule-by-law, not rule-of-law, society.