Australia and Indonesia announced plans to expand bilateral security cooperation to include two new trilateral arrangements with Japan and Papua New Guinea, respectively, Reuters reported on March 12.

The plans follow the February Australia-Indonesia Treaty on Common Security, which commits the two countries to consult if either faces a security threat, significantly deepening previously limited bilateral defense coordination. It also follows the October 2025 Australia-Papua New Guinea Pukpuk treaty, a mutual defense pact that commits both countries to respond jointly to an attack and expand military integration.