Japan's Defense Agency has now formally established its long anticipated Defense Intelligence Headquarters, combining the capabilities of the Japanese army, navy, air force, Defense Ministry and Joint Staff Council. There will be 1,660 people on the new headquarters' staff, more than five times the size of any other post-World War II Japanese intelligence agency. Announced as the primary objectives of the new agency were a need to better understand military developments of the East Asian region and a desire to strengthen analytical and intelligence capabilities. This new intelligence headquarters will give Japanese defense officials fully integrated intelligence capabilities for the first time since World War II. Post-World War II Japanese intelligence has been very limited, and primarily local in scope. Of interest will be two issues. First, how far will Japan go in developing technical means of intelligence such as satellite based systems?