The European Union will likely impose robust economic sanctions if Russia invades Ukraine, but the bloc will struggle to come up with high-impact punitive measures in response to other, more likely acts of Russian aggression. In recent days, EU governments have intensified their debate over how to deal with a potential escalation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine . While member states agree that a formal Russian invasion would trigger economic and political sanctions against Moscow, the bloc is internally divided over how to react to disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks, attempts to destabilize the Ukrainian government or interruptions in natural gas supplies to Ukraine, which are some of Russia’s many options.