Editor’s Note: This is part of an occasional series exploring the geopolitical implications of climate change. Part one explored how the radical physical transformation of the Arctic is altering Russia’s strategic perceptions and realities. In this analysis, we explore how climate change is also altering the perceived relative significance of certain geographic areas by shifting demand for critical natural resources. Not all strategic implications of climate change are driven by immediate physical impacts. Political and social responses to future risks are also driving the acceleration of research and development of alternative energy systems . And these, in turn, are influenced by economic and technological factors that enable or constrain future deployment. In the race to reduce dependence on carbon-producing fossil fuels as the primary energy source, a specific set of minerals are emerging as the key determinants of success.