The European Union has levied its largest-ever antitrust fine against U.S. tech giant Google. The penalty of 4.34 billion euros ($5.04 billion) announced July 18 comes in response to the finding by EU regulators that Google's practices around its Android smartphone operating system broke the bloc's antitrust rules. This is the second large EU antitrust judgment that has gone against Google, which was slapped with a 2.4 billion euro penalty in June 2017 for using its search engine dominance to give an advantage to its online shopping service. A third antitrust investigation, this one related to Google's advertising arm, is still underway. In the Android case, the European Commission found that Google essentially forced smartphone manufacturers to install the Google Search app and its Chrome web browser as a requirement for licensing the Google Play Store, an essential tool through which users download apps for their devices.