In early December 2020, Interpol issued a warning to its 194 member countries advising law enforcement organizations that criminal groups are targeting the COVID-19 vaccine. The Dec. 2 orange Notice warned this could include counterfeit vaccines, scams surrounding the sale of vaccines and theft of COVID-19 vaccines. The warning noted that criminal behavior in general has shifted dramatically over the past year to exploit the ongoing pandemic. With the recent approval of several different COVID-19 vaccines and several countries already administering shots, criminal groups have numerous means of exploiting the global vaccination campaign . Barriers to Criminal Activity and Incentives to Cheat Criminal groups do not typically traffic in vaccines. Only isolated examples exist of the theft of small batches of vaccines, primarily due to two factors. First, in the interest of public health, vaccines are typically readily available to the public at either very low or no cost.