In 2012, both countries saw new leaders come into power who are concerned about growing military insecurities, have an urgent need to undertake difficult economic reforms and are using nationalism to gain public support. So far, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe have refused to hold a summit. While China believes Japan is drawing the United States deeper into an offensive effort to constrict Beijing, Japan fears China will encroach further into its space even if it should not adjust its military posture in preparation for the worst. China is particularly unnerved by some recent signs of success in Japan's revitalization efforts. Tokyo is recalibrating its alliance with the United States, improving economic and defense relations with Southeast Asian states, driving its currency down to make its exports more competitive and orchestrating a strategic thaw with erstwhile enemies such as Russia and North Korea.