(FAYEZ NURELDINE/AFP via Getty Images)
Attendees arrive for the yearly Future Investment Initiative on Oct. 24, 2024, in the Saudi capital of Riyadh.

As Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 enters its final five years, the Saudi government is likely to deepen reforms designed to improve the country's economic attractiveness and performance. But as it struggles to compete with its neighbors' social reforms and absorb potential global geopolitical shocks , Riyadh could adopt more coercive policies at times. On Aug. 11, Saudi Arabia announced a new investment law reform to increase foreign direct investment by improving transparency in its regulatory environment and removing restrictions, such as investor licenses, that hamper inflows. This is one of many recent reforms Riyadh has announced as part of its Vision 2030 economic diversification program, including visa reforms to attract highly skilled workers and investors, some social reforms, like the toleration of alcohol in Riyadh's diplomatic quarters, and a demand for companies to relocate their business headquarters to Riyadh or risk being shut out from lucrative government contracts.

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